６月のサウスカロライナ州チャールストンの教会銃撃事件以来、南軍旗（Confederate flag）の展示や使用をめぐる対立が激しさを増している。Confederate flagは、南部白人が主張するところによると、南部文化の『誇り』の象徴であるが、特に黒人やその他のマイノリティーらにとっては人種差別や人種隔離主義の歴史を具現化する存在である。いかに旗の支持者が「自分たちは人種差別主義者でない」と主張しようが、Confederate flagが２０世紀半ば頃から人種差別主義者や人種隔離主義擁護の象徴として掲げられてきたことは否定できない。実際、チャールストン事件の銃撃犯は、インターネット上に人種差別主義を擁護する意見と共に、Confederate flagをはじめとする人種差別主義のシンボルを身に着けた写真を掲載している。
事件後、Confederate flagを飾り続けていたサウスカロライナ州議会が同旗を撤去したり、アマゾンやウォルマート等の全米大手企業がConfederate flagの販売を中止したりしたが、これに伴い、同旗の支持者が猛反発。南部の誇りと歴史を消し去る行為だと主張し、旗の保護を呼びかける集会が南部各地で相次いでいる。彼らは、Confederate flagやそれを支持する集会は憎しみではなく、文化的遺産に基づくものだ（"heritage, not hate"）としているが、この考え方には問題がある。
Wednesday, August 5, 2015
Monday, August 3, 2015
Being Japanese in August
It's August. Which means, for someone who grew up in Japan, that it's time to remember the tragedies of war and renew a resolve for peace. August 6, 1945: Hiroshima; August 9, 1945: Nagasaki; August 15, 1945: surrender/end of the war. Over a hundred thousand people (mostly civilians) killed just in those two days. Hundreds of thousands (again, mostly civilians) killed in air raids on major Japanese cities. Dates and numbers drilled into our heads from a young age, along with repeated messages about the tragedy of war and need for peace.
Every year, there are peace ceremonies on the 6th, 9th, and 15th. There are moments of silence at the moments the respective bombs were dropped and at noon on the 15th. Officials and chosen student representatives make lofty, idealistic speeches about the preciousness of life and the importance of peace.
The problematic whitewashing of history* and the oversimplified nature of the wish for peace aside, it was important for me that I learned about what happened to civilians in my country during the war, how they suffered. That was the environment in which my grandparents grew up. And the words in the textbooks and the images in the documentaries flooding the channels around this time every year came alive from stories that my mother would mention (because my grandparents would never talk about their wartime experiences to me). Constant fear of American air raids. My grandmother in her teens, her education interrupted and forced into working at a factory with her classmates because that's where the girls were deemed to be needed. I can just imagine it: my sweet, frail, kind grandmother as a young girl, walking over bloated bodies to get out of the rubble after her city was bombed.
Every year, there are peace ceremonies on the 6th, 9th, and 15th. There are moments of silence at the moments the respective bombs were dropped and at noon on the 15th. Officials and chosen student representatives make lofty, idealistic speeches about the preciousness of life and the importance of peace.
The problematic whitewashing of history* and the oversimplified nature of the wish for peace aside, it was important for me that I learned about what happened to civilians in my country during the war, how they suffered. That was the environment in which my grandparents grew up. And the words in the textbooks and the images in the documentaries flooding the channels around this time every year came alive from stories that my mother would mention (because my grandparents would never talk about their wartime experiences to me). Constant fear of American air raids. My grandmother in her teens, her education interrupted and forced into working at a factory with her classmates because that's where the girls were deemed to be needed. I can just imagine it: my sweet, frail, kind grandmother as a young girl, walking over bloated bodies to get out of the rubble after her city was bombed.
Sunday, August 2, 2015
Heroes: Still a Fun Show, but a Failure from a Feminist Perspective
When I found out a few weeks ago that Heroes is returning to TV in the form of a sequel miniseries, I was pretty excited. Even though I emotionally gave up on the show during the third season and stopped watching after a couple episodes into the fourth and final season, the first season is still near and dear to my heart. So, I decided to re-watch/finish the entire show before the fall and am now in the process of Netflix binge watching sessions. The first couple of seasons have not been disappointing, at least in the sense of the show being entertaining and having a good story line. The passage of 10 or so years since the premier has not dampened my passion for science fiction and superhero stories, but somehow, I am much less amused by the depictions of and the missed opportunities with the female characters in the show.
The show has characters from a decent range of racial, socioeconomic, and other backgrounds compared to network shows in general (although--I have to get this out of my system--the Japanese cultural references and most of the language usage is pretty damn atrocious). There are also a number of female characters with special abilities, but in general, even the female characters with abilities seem to be relegated to stereotyped roles, and their story lines seem to be driven by other (male) characters to a greater degree than the male characters.
(By the way, if you don't want spoilers, don't read ahead. You've been warned)
The show has characters from a decent range of racial, socioeconomic, and other backgrounds compared to network shows in general (although--I have to get this out of my system--the Japanese cultural references and most of the language usage is pretty damn atrocious). There are also a number of female characters with special abilities, but in general, even the female characters with abilities seem to be relegated to stereotyped roles, and their story lines seem to be driven by other (male) characters to a greater degree than the male characters.
(By the way, if you don't want spoilers, don't read ahead. You've been warned)
Saturday, August 1, 2015
妊娠中絶と米国政治と生殖の健康に関する権利
先月、Center for Medical Progress (CMP)という妊娠中絶に反対する政治組織が、Planned Parenthood (PP) という女性の生殖に関する健康 (reproductive health) 関連サービスを提供する団体を攻撃するビデオを数本公開した。CMPは、これらのビデオが、PP関係者が中絶された胎児の体内組織を売買している証拠であると主張しているが、PPが違法行為に関与していることを認めている発言は捉えられていない。一般人にとって、中絶プロセスの具体的な説明は、多くの手術や医療行為同様、悍ましくさえ聞こえるものであるが、米国連邦法上、中絶後の胎児の体内組織を研究目的に寄付した団体が、適宜な経費分を回復することは違法ではない。
だが、これらのビデオは、PPを特に敵対視する中絶反対派に、PPを攻撃する格好の機会をもたらした。この結果、共和党・保守派議員の多くが、連邦政府によるPPへの資金提供を取り消そうとしている。
アメリカ政治において、妊娠中絶に関する政策ほど激しい意見の対立が見られる話題は数少ない。妊娠中絶の合法性を支持する人々は、女性がいつ、どのように妊娠するかを自由に選べる権利の一環として安全で合法的な中絶へのアクセスを望んでいることから、"pro-choice"と呼ばれている。これに対し、妊娠中絶反対派は、受精の瞬間から受精卵・胎児は全ての権利を有する人間であると考え、妊娠中絶は殺人であると見方をしていることから、"pro-life"と名乗っている。
だが、これらのビデオは、PPを特に敵対視する中絶反対派に、PPを攻撃する格好の機会をもたらした。この結果、共和党・保守派議員の多くが、連邦政府によるPPへの資金提供を取り消そうとしている。
アメリカ政治において、妊娠中絶に関する政策ほど激しい意見の対立が見られる話題は数少ない。妊娠中絶の合法性を支持する人々は、女性がいつ、どのように妊娠するかを自由に選べる権利の一環として安全で合法的な中絶へのアクセスを望んでいることから、"pro-choice"と呼ばれている。これに対し、妊娠中絶反対派は、受精の瞬間から受精卵・胎児は全ての権利を有する人間であると考え、妊娠中絶は殺人であると見方をしていることから、"pro-life"と名乗っている。
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