先日、米・サウスカロライナ州チャールストンで白人至上主義者の若者が、黒人の奴隷解放運動とかかわりの深い黒人中心の教会で、同教会のクレメンタ・ピンクニー牧師を含む黒人9人を射殺した。この事件とアメリカの人種問題については、できればまた後日言及したいと思うが、今回は、アメリカ社会における銃文化について書こうと思う。
アメリカは、世界的に見ても異様な銃保持率及び銃への愛着を持った社会である。銃は、アメリカ社会のあらゆる側面に浸透し、子供用の玩具の銃も異様なものではない。だが、全てのアメリカ人が銃に執着している訳ではない。特に過去十数年に渡り増加を見せる銃による大量殺人事件を受け、民主党支持者を中心に銃規制を強く要望する者も少なくない。Pew Research Centerの2013年調査によれば、民主党支持者の79%が、銃規制強化により銃による大量殺人の死亡率を減少させられると考えている。彼らにとって、銃保持の権利を『自由』の基準としているようなアメリカ社会は病んでいるものなのだ。一方、保守派を中心とした共和党支持者は、銃保持の権利をアメリカ合衆国憲法によって与えられた基本的人権と考えており、どの様な形であれ、全ての銃規制はこの基本的人権を侵害し、アメリカという国家の根本的精神である『自由』を踏みにじる行為だと見る者が多い。
Showing posts with label 人種. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 人種. Show all posts
Sunday, June 21, 2015
Wednesday, January 28, 2015
So What If Selma Had "Historical Inaccuracies" from a White Perspective?
This post contains spoilers of the Oscar-nominated film Selma, which everyone should go see. Proceed with caution.
I finally went to see Selma this past weekend, and I was blown away. The film accomplished the extraordinary task of conveying the sense of the racial climate of the era to someone who only knew of the Civil Rights era through history books. And despite some of the historical inaccuracies pointed out by its critics, it is a must-see film that deserves all the awards it has won and the awards that it has been snubbed for.
I understand why there are those who are angry about the portrayal of President Lyndon Johnson (LBJ), even setting aside the white defensiveness and cluelessness that I suspect largely explains the backlash. LBJ was not perfect in his approach to civil rights and his reluctant escalation of the Vietnam War tainted some of his achievements in domestic policy. But while I'm no historian, what I have read about him over the years suggests that he was ultimately committed to civil rights and that he played an important role in the realization of critical civil rights legislation such as the Voting Rights Act (which, of course, the Supreme Court gutted in 2013). So, yes, having LBJ being portrayed as someone who treated voting rights as something that was not as important as his War on Poverty program is a personal disappointment.
But I'm also more than OK with it. Selma is not meant to be a documentary. Nor is it meant to paint LBJ as the enemy. Nor, I don't think, is it supposed to make any bold statement about LBJ and his legacy. I mean, the film is just not about LBJ at all (and it's right to be that way). The film is about Martin Luther King, Jr., the civil rights activists, and other participants (black and white) who were in Alabama that spring, risking their safety and their lives to realize the most fundamental individual right in a democracy. Besides, many incredible biopics have had someone make a fuss about historical inaccuracies, and yet, many of these films have largely escaped being tarnished by factual discrepancies and received extensive recognition. So I honestly have no patience for Selma being bashed for what it "gets wrong" historically.
I finally went to see Selma this past weekend, and I was blown away. The film accomplished the extraordinary task of conveying the sense of the racial climate of the era to someone who only knew of the Civil Rights era through history books. And despite some of the historical inaccuracies pointed out by its critics, it is a must-see film that deserves all the awards it has won and the awards that it has been snubbed for.
I understand why there are those who are angry about the portrayal of President Lyndon Johnson (LBJ), even setting aside the white defensiveness and cluelessness that I suspect largely explains the backlash. LBJ was not perfect in his approach to civil rights and his reluctant escalation of the Vietnam War tainted some of his achievements in domestic policy. But while I'm no historian, what I have read about him over the years suggests that he was ultimately committed to civil rights and that he played an important role in the realization of critical civil rights legislation such as the Voting Rights Act (which, of course, the Supreme Court gutted in 2013). So, yes, having LBJ being portrayed as someone who treated voting rights as something that was not as important as his War on Poverty program is a personal disappointment.
But I'm also more than OK with it. Selma is not meant to be a documentary. Nor is it meant to paint LBJ as the enemy. Nor, I don't think, is it supposed to make any bold statement about LBJ and his legacy. I mean, the film is just not about LBJ at all (and it's right to be that way). The film is about Martin Luther King, Jr., the civil rights activists, and other participants (black and white) who were in Alabama that spring, risking their safety and their lives to realize the most fundamental individual right in a democracy. Besides, many incredible biopics have had someone make a fuss about historical inaccuracies, and yet, many of these films have largely escaped being tarnished by factual discrepancies and received extensive recognition. So I honestly have no patience for Selma being bashed for what it "gets wrong" historically.
Labels:
civil rights movement,
english,
movies,
race,
selma,
voting rights,
セルマ,
人種,
公民権運動,
投票権,
日本語,
映画
Wednesday, December 10, 2014
Japan's Foremost Human Rights Problem: Lack of Awareness
December 10th is Human Rights Day. On that day in 1948, the United Nations General Assembly (GA) adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which was the first global document that expressed the inherent rights of all human beings. Two years later, the GA proclaimed December 10th Human Rights Day. On this Human Rights Day in 2014, I want to do a little reflecting about the state of human rights in my country of origin: Japan.
Today, the notion of human rights has spread across the globe. Yet, human rights violations--ranging from everyday violations to massive and systematic ones--continue to occur in almost every corner of the world. Among these violations, much of the attention, understandably, goes to the most egregious violations that are occurring on the largest scale. So we talk about North Korea's prison camps or the draconian anti-homosexuality law in Uganda (since declared "null and void" by the Constitutional Court), but so many of us often forget that human rights violations do not have to be so horrible or so widespread to be legitimate. Unfortunately, human rights violations occur even in democracies with strong notions of individual rights (see, e.g., the United States).
Today, the notion of human rights has spread across the globe. Yet, human rights violations--ranging from everyday violations to massive and systematic ones--continue to occur in almost every corner of the world. Among these violations, much of the attention, understandably, goes to the most egregious violations that are occurring on the largest scale. So we talk about North Korea's prison camps or the draconian anti-homosexuality law in Uganda (since declared "null and void" by the Constitutional Court), but so many of us often forget that human rights violations do not have to be so horrible or so widespread to be legitimate. Unfortunately, human rights violations occur even in democracies with strong notions of individual rights (see, e.g., the United States).
Labels:
english,
gender,
government abuse,
human rights,
human rights day,
japan,
lgbt,
race,
世界人権デー,
人種,
女性の権利,
日本,
日本語,
男女平等
Monday, December 8, 2014
全米各地の抗議デモの背景:「構造的」な人種差別
日本のメディアでも、人種差別等に反対する全米各地における連日の抗議デモの模様が報じられているようだが、アメリカの刑事司法制度や社会全般における構造的な人種差別を理解せずに、これらのデモの意味を理解することはできない気がする。以前に、アメリカの黒人と白人との間には「人種」感覚のズレがあると書いたが、今回は、ミズーリ州ファーガソンにおける黒人少年射殺事件とその後の世論、オハイオ州クリーブランドでエアガンを持った12歳の黒人少年が白人警官によって射殺された事件、ニューヨーク市で白人警官が黒人男性を窒息死させた事件を通じて、この「ズレ」とアメリカの刑事司法制度及びアメリカ社会との関係について少し話したい。
Friday, October 17, 2014
アメリカにおける『人種』:白人と黒人の意識のズレ
アメリカにおいて、「人種」や「民族」といった分類は、とても繊細で複雑な扱いを受けるものである。これには歴史的背景というものがあるわけだが、単に奴隷制や1960年代の公民権運動(Civil Rights Movement)について学ぶだけでは、現代の米国社会における人種問題を肌感覚で理解することはできない。また、アメリカ社会の「主流」(つまり白人中心の組織やコミュニティ)との接触だけでも、今、アメリカ社会が直面している人種問題がどのようなものか、捉えることは不可能だと思う。これは、アメリカの「主流」の中で生活をしている人々(主に白人)が黒人の友人をほとんど持たず、米国社会における黒人の生活が如何なるものか、知ってさえいないからである。(ちなみに、黒人以外のマイノリティーに対する差別及び人種問題における黒人の中心性についてはまた後日。)
私は、幼少の数年間と高校以降をアメリカで過ごしてきたが、全て中流階級上層(アッパー・ミドル)以上が中心のコミュニティに住み、同様の学校に通ってきたため、ロー・スクール在学中及びその後の活動以前は、「主流」の白人社会以外のアメリカ社会との接触はほとんどなかった。特に2008年のオバマ大統領選出以降になって、人種差別の時代は終わり、真にpost-racialの社会に突入したと考える白人も少なくない。だが、私は過去数年の間、課外活動やボランティア活動、黒人コミュニティで育ったロー・スクールの学友を通じ、人種差別は、今もアメリカの「主流」社会で生活を送る白人が想像しているよりもはるか広範に存在しているものだという現実を知った。
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